A Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) is a type of electric vehicle that uses hydrogen as its primary energy source to generate electricity through a fuel cell system. These vehicles are considered a key technology for achieving zero-emission transportation as they produce only water as a by-product.
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel (typically hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (such as oxygen) directly into electrical energy, with water and heat as by-products. Unlike traditional combustion-based power generation, fuel cells do not involve burning fuel, resulting in highly efficient and environmentally friendly energy production.
An on grid solar inverter is a key component in solar power systems that are connected to the main power grid. Its primary function is to convert the direct current (DC) electricity generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is compatible with the utility grid. On-grid systems do not require battery storage
A solar car is a vehicle powered entirely or partially by solar energy, utilizing photovoltaic (PV) cells to convert sunlight into electrical energy. This energy is stored in batteries and used to run an electric motor that drives the vehicle. Solar cars are designed to be lightweight, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. They represent a significant
An electric bicycle, often referred to as an e-bike, is a bicycle that is equipped with an integrated electric motor and battery system designed to assist with propulsion. E-bikes maintain the general functionality of traditional bicycles, allowing the rider to pedal and use gears, but with the added benefit of electrical assistance. The motor provides
An off-grid solar system is a standalone power system that operates independently of the utility grid. It uses solar panels to generate electricity, which is stored in batteries for use when sunlight is unavailable. These systems are designed to provide electricity in remote or rural areas where grid power is inaccessible or unreliable. Off-grid systems
A smart grid refers to a modernized electrical grid that integrates advanced digital technology, communication systems, and automation to improve the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of electricity production, distribution, and consumption. Below is a breakdown of its key components based on the Figure 1.
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Electric welding is a process of joining two metal pieces using heat generated from an electric arc. The arc melts the base metal and filler material (electrode), which fuses together to form a strong joint upon cooling.
An Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a type of furnace that uses electric arcs to generate heat for melting and refining materials, primarily metals like steel and alloys. It operates by creating an arc between electrodes, which generates extremely high temperatures to melt the charge (raw material).
A Travelling Wave Tube (TWT) is a specialized vacuum tube that amplifies microwave signals by interacting with an electron beam traveling through a helical slow-wave structure. It is widely used in radar, satellite communication, and electronic warfare due to its high power and broadband amplification capabilities.